Candide Abstract Essays

Candide Abstract Essays Candide Abstract Essay Candide Abstract Essay Paper Topic: Candide Candide Voltaire, a French philosophe and author, composed this archive during the Enlightenment. He outlines his assessment on numerous Enlightenment thoughts, for example, Leibnizian positive thinking, deism, and strict resilience. He affected numerous individuals, including Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson with his conviction of strict toleration and social liberties. His view on composed religion additionally affected the French Revolution. One of the Enlightenment sees Voltaire addresses is Leibnizian hopefulness, or the iew that the world men live in is an ideal world. Everything that happens should occur and all will show up generally advantageous. Voltaire taunts this view by having tragic things happen to Candide and different characters in the novel. Pangloss is a portrayal of his view, and frequently hinders different characters from making positive move. One such occurrence was when Jacques the Anabaptist was suffocating and Pangloss forestalled Candide from sparing him by saying, the Lisbon harbor was framed expressively for the Anabaptist to suffocate in. Likewise, when Candide was caught under the rubble after the quake, he demands Pangloss to present to him some oil and wine, anyway the thinker is too occupied with discussing circumstances and logical results. At last, Candide experiences a slave in Surinam with one leg and one hand. He at long last loses his confidence in good faith by saying it is insanity for making statements are well when one is in hellfire. Voltaire additionally communicates deism through the city of Eldorado. Deism is the conviction that God made the world, yet then left it to run all alone. Eldorado is liberated from wrongdoing and enduring with not too bad fairness and propelled sciences and arithmetic. Deism is delineated by demonstrating how this human advancement took advantage of nature and God and turned out to be fantastically fruitful. Voltaire is indicating the perfect society in Eldorado. At long last, Voltaire ridicules sorted out religion. In numerous occurrences, he shows the bad faith of religions. The Old Woman was the little girl of the Pope, be that as it may, the Pope should be abstinent. Additionally, the Catholic Inquisitor was a fraud for aving an escort and the Franciscan minister was a Jewel cheat despite the fact that he should carry on with an existence of neediness. The Catholic Inquisition likewise showed strict abuse for a little explanation when they held an auto-da-f?â © after the seismic tremor and endeavored to slaughter Pangloss and whipped Candide. Be that as it may, Voltaire doesn't totally censure strict devotees since Jacques the Anabaptist was the most highminded and great character in the entire novel. Candide Abstract By sophiarita366

Episode Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scene Analysis - Essay Example The Host, Dr. Richard Jackson, MD, MPH is a pediatrician by calling, worked with the CDC before turning out to be seat at the UCLA branch of wellbeing Sciences. Jackson accepts that America was worked in a way that didn't provide food for the wellbeing needs of individuals. Doing the examination in nature and human wellbeing, Richardson understood that individuals are not doing what's necessary to acknowledge what impacts in the ecological are influencing their wellbeing. The writer built up the TV arrangement and composed the book as a stage to help make mindfulness on the impacts the present condition individuals have made has on wellbeing. In the scene, the storyteller gives data on the connection among corpulence and Type 2 diabetes. Individuals become fat predominantly because of unfortunate ways of life. Because of heftiness, there are high odds of such a person to create Type 2 Diabetes. As indicated by CDC (2014) youngsters encountering corpulence have higher probabilities of creating pre-diabetic conditions. A comparative research found a connection among stoutness and Type 2 Diabetes in Norway (Hjartaker, Langlesh, and Weiderpass, 2008). Most general medical issues confronting the American Society is identified with their ways of life. The most well-known general wellbeing danger is the reliance of Americans on vehicles. The separation between home, shopping center and the work environment is enormous to the degree that numerous individuals need to drive each day. Individuals spent numerous hours driving hence diminishing their opportunity to work out. Notwithstanding the absence of activity, reliance on quick nourishments is another wellbeing danger confronting general wellbeing and the American people group. Unfitness and eating of lousy nourishment is the primary explanation clarifying the high pace of stoutness among Americans (Jackson, 2013). Poor urban arranging, Poor dietary patterns and way of life are a portion of the variables coming about to expanded paces of incessant sicknesses among the vast majority. Nonetheless, as per

SIPA Love Stories 2018 A Life-Changing Experience for Anisa and Len COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Love Stories 2018 A Life-Changing Experience for Anisa and Len COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Happy Valentines Day! Were sharing new SIPA Love Stories from our alumni check out our first installment with these world-traveling Seeples. Were closing this series out with two alumni that found expansive education opportunities, lifelong friends and each other at SIPA. Anisa (MIA ’98) and Len (MIA ’98) Anisa and Len visit the Taj Mahal with their two sons Jatin (L) and Ravi (R). Anisa and Len first first met at a party at International House and became friends. They were later assigned to the same study group in accounting, and ultimately starting dating toward the end of their second year at SIPA. They both chose SIPA because of their mutual interests in faraway places, their curiosities about politics and policy, and their desires to pursue careers with a strong international component. For Len, SIPA was an opportunity to study global economic and business issues as part of his training to become a financial journalist, and Anisa studied economics with a view toward a career in global banking. The breadth of their graduate education and the ability to understand inter-dependencies has served them well: after working for more than a decade as a magazine journalist at Fortune, Worth and Institutional Investor, Len moved into digital media and digital strategy. Today he is a partner at boutique communications consultancy RooneyPartners, based in New York, where he works with a range of corporate and nonprofit clients. Anisa pivoted from banking to philanthropy early in her post-SIPA career, working first for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and then joining Tiffany Co., where today she serves as Chairman and President of the Tiffany Co. Foundation and Chief Sustainability Officer of Tiffany Co. Looking back, Len and Anisa agree that SIPA was a life-changing experience: “…Certainly in terms of the education we received and the doors that our education has opened for both of us, but also the experience of SIPA itself. Our classmates came from all corners of the globe, and we count many of them as our friends today. The opportunity to learn from them, and with them, is part of what made SIPA such a unique experience for us. One interesting fact about our statistics class, which we both took together in the political science department: we were just one of three soon-to-be couples in the class who went on to get married! We both believe strongly in SIPAs mission, which is arguably more vital today than ever before. We remain awed by the caliber of students that attend the School, the incredibly diverse and interesting projects theyre working on, and the breadth of their ambition all united by a strong desire to make a difference in the world. Wed like more of our fellow alums to reflect on what SIPA has meant for them and find ways to engage with and support the School.” Len and Anisa at SIPA graduation day, 1998. Len and Anisa celebrate a recent wedding anniversary. You can find our archives of  SIPA Love Stories here.

Hume and Self Existance - 1821 Words

The modern philosopher, David Hume, argued that the proof of self existence was not possible. Hume stated, â€Å"If any impression gives rise to the idea of self, that impression must continue invariably the same, through the whole course of our lives; since self is supposed to exist after that manner† (Kolack and Thompson 642). Although Hume made some valid arguments, his views on self existence are both wrong and arrogant. The existence of self can be, and has been, proven. David Hume proposed the Bundle Theory of Self. Hume believed that knowledge was strictly obtained through one’s senses and experiences. These senses are composed of the fives senses; touching, seeing, smelling, hearing, and tasting. He also proposed the idea of†¦show more content†¦This is Hume leading into his final argument on this issue. He is building up to his point. He then goes on to state, â€Å"That is, in other words, whether in pronouncing concerning the identity of a p erson, we observe some real bond among his perceptions, or only feel one among the ideas we form of them. This question we might easily decide, if we would recollect what has already been proved at large, that the understanding never observes any real connexion among objects, and that even the union of cause and effect, when strictly examined, resolves itself into a customary association of ideas† (Kolack and Thompson 643). In other words, Hume is stating the fact that we just simply do not understand the complexity of things and how they work. We try to simplify everything, but it is not that simple. He is showing that our simple idea of self is wrong, and we can not comprehend what self really means. This is why Hume says another person may think they understand self. Because this person has simplified it down to something that it really is not. Hume thinks this is the thought process humans go through. Although Hume’s argument may sound somewhatShow MoreRelate dMbti Critique2357 Words   |  10 Pagesshould accept the attitude of their most natural, level, and unforced functioning, in which they are not working against the grain (Humes, 1992). Hand scoring may be done using stencils, computer scoring services and software are available, and there is no time limit. The MBTI is not a measure strength of individual traits or degrees of type development; rather it is a self-report device with dichotomous scales, meaning to sort people into type groupings. Though written in a forced-choice format, the

Family Structure And Structure Of The British Family

Introduction. Family is the fundamental unit of society. The concept and structure of the British family has seen a change over the last 50 years. These changes have culminated in the decay of marriage and therefore the rise of cohabitation, new forms of family composition and the delay of parenthood, thus, making traditional nuclear family less stable than in previous generations (Jenkins et al. 2009). The aim of this essay is of great importance as it will look at important decades since the second world war and will give a general understanding of the actual family structure trend in the UK. It also aims to discuss the changes and impact of these on children, policies and legislation, government, and society in general. Changes in British family throughout the last 50 years Aggregate Changes in Household Composition. Late decades have seen considerable changes here which clearly point out to notions of new lifestyles, not minimum the trend to autonomous living, and to new family patterns. Table 1. Irwin (2000). The most noticeable changes are the raise in the extent of one-person households, and in the extent of lone parent families. In 1996-7 more than one fourth of households comprise one individual living alone, twice the extent of 1961. The extent of families involving a couple family with dependent children has fallen from 38% in 1961 to 25% in 1996-7 (Irwin, 2000). Reference to Irwin (2000), reveals that marriage rates have been in relentless decreaseShow MoreRelatedThe Kings Speech : A Film Adaptation Of A True Story1174 Words   |  5 Pageswith his therapist Lionel Logue, as they try and find the best way to cope with the issue before the Kings first wartime radio broadcast. Although this movie is just a film adaptation of a true story, it is still able to show the viewer a lot about British Culture during the 1920’s, which has even carried into the modern day. Additionally, â€Å"The Kings Speech† reveals the importance of saving face as well as power distance within the United Kingdom. At the beginning of the movie, the relationshipRead MoreUsing Sociological Theories and Evidence Discuss Why the Contemporary British Family Is Characterised by Diversity.1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe British family is changing. Traditionally the family was not diverse, specific family types were very much associated with the time period, eg, pre industrial Britain the family type was the unit of production and 1850 - 1950 we had the classic extended family. 1950’s to 1970’s was the nuclear family. However in recent times there is evidence to suggest that this has changed. There is still the nuclear family which is usually a small family, with independance stable employment very much ableRead MoreCoronary Heart Disease ( Chd )890 Words   |  4 PagesMore than 2.3 million people are currently living with CHD (British Heart Foundation, 2014). CHD has always been wrongly perceived as a man’s disease due to the fact that men more than women have a higher rat e of obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and other cardiovascular diseases that put them under the risk of developing CHD (Barrett-Connor, 1997). However, social determinants, such as socioeconomic position, employment status and family demand can have significant impact on women’s health profileRead MoreThe Main Features Of English Legal System1403 Words   |  6 Pagessuperiority they also created a fundamental legislative mechanism. The British legal system has been built up very gradually and spread to other countries over the centuries. Inevitably the influence of their legal systems was bound to have some effect on their colonies. This essay will first describe the features of English legal system which is mainly derived from the concept of common law and secondly will consider whether the British legal system has influence on its Commonwealth countries particularlyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart952 Words   |  4 Pagesoutsiders encounter a culture unlik e their own they tend to make misconceptions about that culture. The British see the Igbo culture as dark and gory. Achebe sees it as a fully functioning society. The Nigerian community may seem odd and not functional when in actuality it is functional. For a society to be functional, it must have a culture as well as properties of a civilization. The British judge it as dysfunctional, but this is irrelevant to whether the society truly is or isn’t functional. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Swift s The Sun Of The Eighteenth Century 825 Words   |  4 Pagesbrilliantly on the era of British wealth and power, filling every part of great British life with pride and confidence. British literature, no longer stoic and medieval is revitalized and reclassified. As in the early Renaissance days Restoration authors think highly of Classical literature. Unlike their predecessors however, they are freer with classical style and prose. In one such restoration work, patterned after early Greek and Roman Cynics, author Jonathan Swift Calls the British Isles to action withRead Morecomparing the Amish society and British modern day society, values and norms1117 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is going to look at the families in the Amish Society and British Modern Day Society. The essay will demonstrate understanding of their cultures, values, norms and inequalities. The Amish society first originated in 1962 in Europe and the first Amish arrived in Pennsylvania in the 1730’s to escape persecution in Europe.The Amish church started as a breakaway from the Annabaptists (adult baptizers) in Switzerland in 1693, led by Jakob Ammann. Frater, J. (2012) According to BBC ReligionsRead MoreThe British Monarchy1476 Words   |  6 Pages1. THE BRITISH MONARCHY IS AN OUTDATED GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE THAT HAS NO PLACE IN THE MODERN WORLD A monarchy is  political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his position through heredity. Succession usually passes from father to son or follows other arrangements within the family or the monarchical dynastyRead More‚Äà ²a Family Can Be Defined as a Married Heterosexual Couple and Their Children‚Äà ´. How Have Social Scientists Challenged This Kind of Conventional Definition of the Uk Family?1724 Words   |  7 Pages‘A family can be defined as a married heterosexual couple and their children’. How have social scientists challenged this kind of conventional definition of the UK family? Since there are lots of different perceptions or even conflicts on family life, the sociologist is challenging greatly of the family (Cheal, D. 1991:1). The changes in family living and household composition are mainly concerned as a contemporary core. (Jagger, G. and Wright, C. 1999:1). According to Sherratt and Hughes, althoughRead MoreProfessional Competence Presentation1133 Words   |  5 Pagesof the British North American Colonies. List the aspects of each of these peoples—Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans—that contributed to the development of the British Colonies. | |NATIVE AMERICANS: |EUROPEAN |AFRICANS | |Economic |Fishing, gathering, farming, and hunting.|Created goods which they either sold or |Trade with the Mediterranean world: | |Structure |

Deception Point Page 28 Free Essays

Should I consult Sexton? She quickly decided against it. He was in a meeting. Besides, if she told him about this e-mail, she’d have to tell him about the others. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 28 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She decided her informant’s offer to meet in public in broad daylight must be to make Gabrielle feel safe. After all, this person had done nothing but help her for the last two weeks. He or she was obviously a friend. Reading the e-mail one last time, Gabrielle checked the clock. She had an hour. 30 The NASA administrator was feeling less edgy now that the meteorite was successfully out of the ice. Everything is falling into place, he told himself as he headed across the dome to the work area of Michael Tolland. Nothing can stop us now. â€Å"How’s it coming?† Ekstrom asked, striding up behind the television scientist. Tolland glanced up from his computer, looking tired but enthusiastic. â€Å"Editing is almost done. I’m just overlaying some of the extraction footage your people shot. Should be done momentarily.† â€Å"Good.† The President had asked Ekstrom to upload Tolland’s documentary to the White House as soon as possible. Although Ekstrom had been cynical about the President’s desire to use Michael Tolland on this project, seeing the rough cuts of Tolland’s documentary had changed Ekstrom’s mind. The television star’s spirited narrative, combined with his interviews of the civilian scientists, had been brilliantly fused into a thrilling and comprehensible fifteen minutes of scientific programming. Tolland had achieved effortlessly what NASA so often failed to do-describe a scientific discovery at the level of the average American intellect without being patronizing. â€Å"When you’re done editing,† Ekstrom said, â€Å"bring the finished product over to the press area. I’ll have someone upload a digital copy to the White House.† â€Å"Yes, sir.† Tolland went back to work. Ekstrom moved on. When he arrived at the north wall, he was encouraged to find the habisphere’s â€Å"press area† had come together nicely. A large blue carpet had been rolled out on the ice. Centered on the rug sat a long symposium table with several microphones, a NASA drape, and an enormous American flag as a backdrop. To complete the visual drama, the meteorite had been transported on a palette sled to its position of honor, directly in front of the symposium table. Ekstrom was pleased to see the mood in the press area was one of celebration. Much of his staff was now crowded around the meteorite, holding their hands out over its still-warm mass like campers around a campfire. Ekstrom decided that this was the moment. He walked over to several cardboard boxes sitting on the ice behind the press area. He’d had the boxes flown in from Greenland this morning. â€Å"Drinks are on me!† he yelled, handing out cans of beer to his cavorting staff. â€Å"Hey, boss!† someone yelled. â€Å"Thanks! It’s even cold!† Ekstrom gave a rare smile. â€Å"I’ve been keeping it on ice.† Everyone laughed. â€Å"Wait a minute!† someone else yelled, scowling good-naturedly at his can. â€Å"This stuff’s Canadian! Where’s your patriotism?† â€Å"We’re on a budget, here, folks. Cheapest stuff I could find.† More laughter. â€Å"Attention shoppers,† one of the NASA television crew yelled into a megaphone. â€Å"We’re about to switch to media lighting. You may experience temporary blindness.† â€Å"And no kissing in the dark,† someone yelled. â€Å"This is a family program!† Ekstrom chuckled, enjoying the raillery as his crew made final adjustments to the spotlights and accent lighting. â€Å"Switching to media lighting in five, four, three, two†¦ â€Å" The dome’s interior dimmed rapidly as the halogen lamps shut down. Within seconds, all the lights were off. An impenetrable darkness engulfed the dome. Someone let out a mock scream. â€Å"Who pinched my ass?† someone yelled, laughing. The blackness lasted only a moment before it was pierced by the intense glare of media spotlights. Everyone squinted. The transformation was now complete; the north quadrant of the NASA habisphere had become a television studio. The remainder of the dome now looked like a gaping barn at night. The only light in the other sections was the muted reflection of the media lights reflecting off the arched ceiling and throwing long shadows across the now deserted work stations. Ekstrom stepped back into the shadows, gratified to see his team carousing around the illuminated meteorite. He felt like a father at Christmas, watching his kids enjoy themselves around the tree. God knows they deserve it, Ekstrom thought, never suspecting what calamity lay ahead. 31 The weather was changing. Like a mournful harbinger of impending conflict, the katabatic wind let out a plaintive howl and gusted hard against the Delta Force’s shelter. Delta-One finished battening down the storm coverings and went back inside to his two partners. They’d been through this before. It would soon pass. Delta-Two was staring at the live video feed from the microbot. â€Å"You better look at this,† he said. Delta-One came over. The inside of the habisphere was in total darkness except for the bright lighting on the north side of the dome near the stage. The remainder of the habisphere appeared only as a dim outline. â€Å"It’s nothing,† he said. â€Å"They’re just testing their television lighting for tonight.† â€Å"The lighting’s not the problem.† Delta-Two pointed to the dark blob in the middle of the ice-the water-filled hole from which the meteorite had been extracted. â€Å"That’s the problem.† Delta-One looked at the hole. It was still surrounded by pylons, and the surface of the water appeared calm. â€Å"I don’t see anything.† â€Å"Look again.† He maneuvered the joystick, spiraling the microbot down toward the surface of the hole. As Delta-One studied the darkened pool of melted water more closely, he saw something that caused him to recoil in shock. â€Å"What the†¦?† Delta-Three came over and looked. He too looked stunned. â€Å"My God. Is that the extraction pit? Is the water supposed to be doing that?† â€Å"No,† Delta-One said. â€Å"It sure as hell isn’t.† 32 Although Rachel Sexton was currently sitting inside a large metal box situated three thousand miles from Washington, D.C., she felt the same pressure as if she’d been summoned to the White House. The videophone monitor before her displayed a crystal clear image of President Zach Herney seated in the White House communications room before the presidential seal. The digital audio connection was flawless, and with the exception of an almost imperceptible delay, the man could have been in the next room. Their conversation was upbeat and direct. The President seemed pleased, though not at all surprised, by Rachel’s favorable assessment of NASA’s find and of his choice to use Michael Tolland’s captivating persona as a spokesman. The President’s mood was good-natured and jocular. â€Å"As I’m sure you will agree,† Herney said, his voice growing more serious now, â€Å"in a perfect world, the ramifications of this discovery would be purely scientific in nature.† He paused, leaning forward, his face filling the screen. â€Å"Unfortunately, we don’t live in a perfect world, and this NASA triumph is going to be a political football the moment I announce it.† â€Å"Considering the conclusive proof and who you’ve recruited for endorsements, I can’t imagine how the public or any of your opposition will be able to do anything other than accept this discovery as confirmed fact.† Herney gave an almost sad chuckle. â€Å"My political opponents will believe what they see, Rachel. My concerns are that they won’t like what they see.† How to cite Deception Point Page 28, Essay examples

The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Research Paper Example

The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment Paper From recent studies we know that overpopulation do affects our environment. It frequently causes many types of pollution such as water pollution,air pollution,land pollution,noise pollution . Len addition,overpopulation also threat to the biodiversity. To solve this problem,only a sustainable approach toward conserving what currently exists as natural resources could counteract the detrimental effects of overpopulation on the natural world. The Effects of Overpopulation on Environment Talking about pollution, nobodys holy. They who polluted, sinned against nature(Toby Beta). The problem of pollution has become increasingly widespread and potentially more harmful. The main cause for the increase in pollution is that Earths pollution grow larger everyday. Human sometime do something without noticing the impact that will result. They gradually become the enemy who destroy environment. Almost all human activities impact actively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. Here are some environmental problems that result from human population growth: water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, noise pollution and loss of biodiversity. Overpopulation is one of the main reasons causing water pollution. Population growth usually increases demand for water in living, labouringly, In the same time, we release a large amount of rubbish into the environment especially for rivers, lakes, More than 95% urban sewage in developing Mounties is discharged untreated into the nearest water or field. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Overpopulation on Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main contributors are factories and open mines, discarding waste water with heavy metal, toxic substances and solid waste, which are virtually impossible to purity. In addition, the situation is even worse when it comes to ocean exploitation. Overflowing changes the balance is coastal ecosystems and decreases fish population. Sometimes it might even lead to extinction of certain marine species. Overflowing also damages coral reefs, because it allows algae to overgrow them. It turns out that the ocean is the ultimate airbag dump because eventually all of the sewage, sediment from forest clearing, fertilizer and pesticide run-off flow into it. It is important to preserve the ocean, not only because it is an important source of food, but also because it plays a major role in climate regulation. The circulation Of cold and warm water protects the earth from extreme temperature fluctuations. In addition, oceans absorbs be;en 30 and 40% of the CO given off as a result of human activity, thus keeping global warming at stake. Another effect of overpopulation on environment is air population. We know that the population growth means that the human impact on the environment will be more and more. Many things we do affect the air and the climate we live in. For example, burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petrol. It releases a lot of pollutants into the atmosphere like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide which have various environmental effects such as Greenhouse Effect. The quantity of Greenhouse Effect gases has increased significantly, its causing a rise in temperature on the Earths surface (Global warming). Besides, everyday human activities such as dry cleaning, filling your car with gas and decreasing ND painting operations. These activities add gases and particles to the air we breathe. When these gases and particles accumulate in the air in high enough concentrations, they can harm us and our environment. More people in cities and surrounding counties means more cars, trucks, industrial and commercial operations, and generally means more pollution. It may cause air pollution by the fumes and exhaust coming from the tail pipe. It will go to the air and when we breathe it in, we could get sick. For instance, in China, air pollution problems are occurring serious. Last July 2009, air pollution has lead o cancer and repository disease. It caused 2 million deaths per year in the worldwide. Land pollution is also a common thing and it happens dues to the increasing population. Population growth results increases the demand for food production. Since the arable land in many Of the overpopulated regions is limited, farmers begin to cultivate dry, hilly, nutrient-poor areas that are not very suitable for farming. Exploiting such lands makes them easily susceptible to erosion and loss of nutrients. For example, in search for farmland in Indonesia, peasants have been planting their crops on steep slopes. As a result, almost one half of Javas land is now in danger of erosion. Globally, the statistics are even more frightening. It is estimated that 1. 2 billion hectares of land, approximately the size of Europe, U. S. And Mexico combined, have lost much of their agricultural output capability in the last 50 years. Besides, land can become polluted by household garbage and by industrial waste. In 2010, Americans produced about 250 million tons of garbage consisting of product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries. Thats about 4. 3 pounds of waste per person per day. There are lots of non-biodegradable waste including containers, bottles and cans made of plastic. Dumping of toxic materials such as chemicals and paints makes the areas surrounding the industries look very fifth. Although domestic and industrial waste are collected and recycled or burnt incinerators, a large amount of rubbish is left untreated. These are then dumped into grounds, leading to land pollution. As well as these pollution, noise pollution is one of the serious damages caused by overpopulation. To serve for humankinds,in the past few years, the rate of automobile manufacturing has increased manifold. Traffic problems created by these vehicles is an important source of noise pollution. Sound produced by the exhaust systems of trucks, autos, buses, motorcycles, etc. Cause a lot of noise. The noise created by a bus or truck is 10-15 times that of a car. SE of diesel which results into high airborne vibration emission is one of the reasons why trucks and buses cause greater amount of noise. Besides, most of us may think of loud assembly lines or construction sites when we hint of noise pollution in the workplace, and while these examples definitely apply, regular offices are not immune. With more people packed into busy office spaces, office noise is a common problem. Co-workers who talk, drum their fingers on the desk, or offer other distracting noises can decrease the productivity of those around them without realizing it. Another problem is home sound. For example, a family with many members would make more noise clouding different sounds like talking, laughing, crying, alarms, Furthermore, people are surrounded by gadgets and use them extensively in our daily life. Gadgets like W, mobile, mixer grinder, pressure cooker, vacuum cleaners, washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners are minor contributors to the amount of noise that is produced but it affects the quality of life of your neighborhood in a bad way. The continued increase human population is having negative effect on our biodiversity. All of the previously described effects of overpopulation on the environ meet lead to the destruction of the natural habitat of many wildlife species. The natural flora and fauna have been under constant pressure to adapt to a quickly changing environment. Since they have been unable to do so, they have been displaced from their natural ecological niche. The constant clearing of the Amazon forest has had devastating effect on many rare tropical species. It has been estimated that 10% of the species in the region have become extinct. In addition, over-exploitation is also a large problem for wildlife. For example, every year over 80 million fish are caught for human consumption. Sometimes the way that the fishing is done destroys marine habitats and catches many other marine animals by accident On the other hand, to meet he demand of human, thousand of plants and animals are take from our nature habitats everyday to be sold, traded or make into various products including gifts. For example, ivory from elephant tusks, coral, sea turtle shells are popular souvenirs that threaten species other products; medicines can also be made using threatened and endangered animals, tiger bone was offend used to help relieve swelling and paint. All of the above environmental issues clearly indicate that the natural assets that humans take for granted are in grave danger. Most of the damage on the environment caused by unman expansion is long-lasting and In some cases permanent.

American Allegory essays

American Allegory essays Lester is lying in bed smiling contentedly at the ceiling. I feel like Ive been in a coma for the past twenty years. And Im just now waking up. (American Beauty). On the ceiling is Angela covered in deep red rose petals. Slowly the petals float down from her to Lester, showering him with lust. Does Lester Burnhams quote sound like a line from a comedy? Roger Ebert seems to think so. He has said the film is a comedy because we laugh at the absurdity of the hero's problems, and a tragedy because we can identify with his failurenot the specific details, but the general outline. Even though Ebert clearly packages American Beauty into the cookie cutter drama/comedy, the allowance he leaves in the last phrase should lead a person to reevaluate the films category. Comedy is defined as inciting within the viewer humor and mirth and ending happily (Konigsberg 59). Moreover, dark comedy allows laughter to be somewhat muted by our realization of serious implications and perhaps even by an unhappy ending (Konigsberg 59). The dark comedy definition fits American Beauty quite beautifully. The average person, however, would not equate muted laughter and an unhappy ending with comedy. We are left with only one alternative classification: the allegory. Allegorical films deal with expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence. It is very similar to a metaphor, which uses a seemingly unrelated object in place of another to show similarities (www.m-w.com). The Matrix, for example, can be considered an allegorical film. The audience walks away with an understanding that the movie did not have directly state. American Beauty accomplishes this. After watching the movie trailors, moviegoers expect a Lolita remake. American Beauty is linked to Mena Suvaris character Angela ...

Double-Helix Structure of DNA

Double-Helix Structure of DNA In biology, double helix is a term used to describe the structure of DNA. A DNA double helix consists of two spiral chains of deoxyribonucleic acid. The shape is similar to that of a spiral staircase. DNA is a nucleic acid composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and  phosphate molecules. The nucleotide bases of DNA represent the stair steps of the staircase, and the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the sides of the staircase. Why Is DNA Twisted? DNA is coiled into chromosomes and tightly packed in the nucleus of our cells. The twisting aspect of DNA is a result of interactions between the molecules that make up DNA and water. The nitrogenous bases that comprise the steps of the twisted staircase are held together by hydrogen bonds. Adenine is bonded with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C). These nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic, meaning that they lack an affinity for water. Since the cell cytoplasm and cytosol contain water-based liquids, the nitrogenous bases want to avoid contact with cell fluids. The sugar and phosphate molecules that form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the molecule are hydrophilic, which means they are water-loving and have an affinity for water. DNA is arranged such that the phosphate and the sugar backbone are on the outside and in contact with fluid, while the nitrogenous bases are in the inner portion of the molecule. In order to further prevent the nitrogenous bases from coming into contact with cell fluid, the molecule twists to reduce space between the nitrogenous bases and the phosphate and sugar strands. The fact that the two DNA strands that form the double helix are anti-parallel helps to twist the molecule as well. Anti-parallel means that the DNA strands run in opposite directions, ensuring that the strands fit tightly together. This reduces the potential for fluid to seep between the bases. DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis The double-helix shape allows for DNA replication and protein synthesis to occur. In these processes, the twisted DNA unwinds and opens to allow a copy of the DNA to be made. In DNA replication, the double helix unwinds and each separated strand is used to synthesize a new strand. As the new strands form, bases are paired together until two double-helix DNA molecules are formed from a single double-helix DNA molecule. DNA replication is required for the processes of mitosis and meiosis to occur. In protein synthesis, the DNA molecule is transcribed to produce an RNA version of the DNA code known as messenger RNA (mRNA). The messenger RNA molecule is then translated to produce proteins. In order for DNA transcription to take place, the DNA double helix must unwind and allow an enzyme called RNA polymerase to transcribe the DNA. RNA is also a nucleic acid but contains the base uracil instead of thymine. In transcription, guanine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with uracil to form the RNA transcript. After transcription, the DNA closes and twists back to its original state. DNA Structure Discovery Dr. Francis Crick and dr. James Watson at a molecular biology symposium. Ted Spiegel  / Contributor  / Getty Images Credit for the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA has been given to James Watson and Francis Crick, awarded a Nobel Prize for their work. Determining the structure of DNA was based in part on the work of many other scientists, including Rosalind Franklin. Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used X-ray diffraction to ascertain clues about the structure of DNA. The X-ray diffraction photo of DNA taken by Franklin, named photograph 51, showed that DNA crystals form an X shape on X-ray film. Molecules with a helical shape have this type of X-shape pattern. Using evidence from Franklins X-ray diffraction study, Watson and Crick revised their earlier proposed triple-helix DNA model to a double-helix model for DNA. Evidence discovered by biochemist Erwin Chargoff helped Watson and Crick discover base-pairing in DNA. Chargoff demonstrated that the concentrations of adenine in DNA are equal to that of thymine, and concentrations of cytosine are equal to guanine. With this information, Watson and Crick were able to determine that the bonding of adenine to thymine (A-T) and cytosine to guanine (C-G) form the steps of the twisted-staircase shape of DNA. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the sides of the staircase. Source: The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA- The Double Helix. Nobelprize.org, Nobel Media AB, 2014, www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html.

Art integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art integration - Essay Example ’†¦..learning skills, persistence and teamwork among kids.’’ The research made findings that schools in Alameda and Los Angeles counties have huge participation in the Arts for All initiative and Alliance for Arts Learning Leadership. In Boston, the mayor’s office has supported programs such as out-of-school art programs while in the New York City and Chicago schools have a soft spot for stand-alone arts where private foundations have been critical in art growth. The research has also indicated that a community-based organization in Dallas has facilitated the integration of arts learning into elementary schools After a research had ‘’†¦..painted a worrying picture of the art†¦.’ status in Dallas, various organizations under the umbrella name â€Å"Dallas arts Partner initiated a turnaround in the art. ArtPartners was formed fundamentally to oversee the implementation of various art programs that are focused creating art programs and making them available in school. It is significant to point out that the ArtsPartners have been able to integrate creative learning in all school programs, the curriculum and neighborhood cultural centers. The effort put by the ArtsPartners has since paid dividends as many students have excelled in their learning through the arts. In this they realized the education system can only achieve its objectives conveniently when art is part and parcel of learning. In Chicago, Hubbard Street Dance is one of the most original art forces in dancing. The group is among other few groups that perform art pieces in the entire and have performed in about fifty countries. The groups comprise two dance-iconic companies that are instrumental in presenting new masterpieces and works in arts. The group has transformed the life of many ‘’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦through the use of creative energy in their education, community and youth programs.’’ On the other hand, Jammie Topper, a teaching artist, declares her huge interest in imparting art skills

House Prices and the Wealth Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

House Prices and the Wealth Effect - Essay Example In a typical household, shares account for a relatively smaller proportion of average assets while housing takes the huge proportion. People will rather invest in housing that has moderate rises in price compared to the stock market that has sharp unpredictable prizes. Home values are thus more evenly distributed that financial related wealth that is spread among the rich whose spending has less effect on changing waves. Change in house prices thus presents much higher effect to many people that change in share prices (Case, Quigley, & Shiller 3). However, this is not true across all economies. The influence of financial assets is much greater than that of housing wealth in Britain than in America because of Britain having refined instruments through which money is spent. In America, weakness in wealth effect on consumption was expected to reduce spending but the opposite happened. As more Americans became poor from the fallen share prices, spending grew considerably hence helping America avoids getting into recession. Housing prices instead went higher thus squaring out the effect of fallen stock prices. However, empty homes and increased unemployment have indicated that consumer spending is driven by real earnings that influence projections of earnings from stocks, property, and bonds. Thus fallen asset values that cause investors to spend less and the rest are put into savings (The Economist, â€Å"A housing slump helped† 1). For example in the US in 2004, an increase in wealth by $1 caused an increase in spending between 1 and 7 cents. This translated to 0.0375 wealth effect for a model that assumed equal effect between housing and financial assets. The policymakers consider housing wealth as having a similar effect as financial wealth in microeconomics sense. However, some people have already established fault in such conclusion. They argue that increase in the price of property increase cost of housing.  

Sociology Essays Sexual Harassment Work

Sociology Essays Sexual Harassment Work Sexual Harassment Work Introduction It is only in the past ten years or so that sexual behavior has been researched. The history of the term â€Å"sexual behavior† is thus short. Sexual harassment accounts for behavior that is socially, morally and verbally unacceptable at the work place. This leads to an antagonistic environment to work in. Physical and psychological health is worsened. The entire life of a person may be doomed after a horrific experience at the workplace. Definition of Sexual Harassment: According to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Sexual harassment is unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects a persons employment or education, unreasonably interfered with a persons work or educational performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working or learning environment. The United Stated Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment in the following way When an individual is facing uninvited sexual advances, favors, or verbal or physical abuse, and his/her employment is being affected by this, it is termed sexual harassment. (EEOC). Continuous pestering by team mates at work is becoming part of the norm nowadays. Sexual harassment involves sexual bias. The term can be defined as any unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a sexual nature that is harsh and affects working conditions pessimistically. According to Fitzgerald,† Sexual harassment is difficult to measure and difficult to prove.† A variety of effects follow such behavior. Livingstone (1982) describes how cultural standards aggravate a woman’s feelings of coercion following sexual harassment since socialization seems to give men the right to practice sexual encounters, and women are the main victims of these unpleasant acts. Sexual harassment can be distinguished as: Quid pro quo: in which the employee is demoted or downgraded due to a refrain from sexual interaction. Hostile working environment, in which undesirable conduct of a sexual character creates a painful work atmosphere for some employees. Gender harassment is basically when a woman is treated differently because she is a woman. This includes general sexist remarks and behavior (Fitzgerald 1990). This creates a hostile environment for women. Gender harassment differs from quid pro quo, in that the latter constitutes a sexual activity which is specifically linked towards rewards or punishments. There are four levels of factors affecting sexual harassment: The individual, The interpersonal, The institutional and The socio cultural Some figures on Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: The following table shows a record of sexual harassment cases: Percentage of cases in companies: Outline of sexual harassment % Insinuating remarks 55.2 Grabbing, deliberate touching 39.8 Insinuating gestures 30.3 Staring, meaningful glances 28.4 Seemingly accidental touching 25.4 Insinuating jokes 23.9 Stipulation for sexual action 20.4 Derogatory remarks 19.4 Insult after the rejection of an approach 12.4 Showing, distribution of pornography 11.9 Displaying pornography 10.4 Promise of pros for sexual sessions 8.0 Whistling at the back of a person 7.5 Physically violating to force sexual action 6.5 Fear of professional drawbacks in cases of rejection of advances 6.0 Threat of physical hostility to force sexual activity 3.0 Source: BMFSFJ, Beschà ¤ftigtenschutzgesetz in der Praxis, Berlin, 2005; the figures do not reflect the incidence but only the allocation of forms of sexual harassment in the cases reported.—provide complete source in the reference page The following facts have been established by the Equal Rights Advocates: Two thirds of sexual harassment cases are brought against a woman’s immediate supervisor. 95% of suffers have to undergo stress reactions, including depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, low feeling of dignity, sexual dysfunction. 95% of cases go unreported. Sexual harassment can cost a Fortune 500 company approximately $6.7 million per year, due to absenteeism and low productivity. Companies with proper policies against sexual harassment cases have lower reported incidents. Source: Equal Rights Advocates, 2000. â€Å"Facts About Sexual Harassment in the Workplace.† The Harasser and the Harassed Sexual harassment can be amongst any coworkers, not necessarily between male bosses and female subordinates. These incidents may constitute: Peer Peer harassment. Supervisor harassing subordinates. Women harassing men. Same gender harassment – men to men, women to women. Third party abuse. The victim of the harassment is not necessarily only the recipients of the behavior, but anyone who is affected by the misconduct, is considered to be harassed. Sexual Harassment – Sex or Power? Sexual harassment is linked with power and takes place in societies which often treat women as second-class citizens or are degraded. Causes It has been reported that throughout history women have suffered from some sort of sexual harassment or the other, but it was just considered to be usual behavior and a bitter part of the job market. Women working in coal mines in olden days had to face harsh cruelties of this world defined by men. Sexual harassment in the workplace started gaining acknowledgement only in the 70’s. (Caroline Goette, NLA Review, n.d). More women started gaining education, and got better jobs. This was the time when women started demanding equal rights as men. Emphasis was being laid upon the factor of equality. Behavior is the product of biological drive and symbolizes the expression of sexual pull in workplaces. Certain environments like open offices and overcrowding, generate unethical and strange, undesirable feelings. Sexual harassment does not have to be explicitly sexual in nature; it may include any single or multiple continual displeasing acts. If the gender of an individual causes unwanted behavior, this case may be considered harassment. Apparently it is not only the females who are victimized. Men may also be the fatality. Some instances of harassment may be when: A tutor or teacher at school constantly favors one gender (male or female). A medical officer examines a patient in a sexual manner. A superior asks sex-related questions. A trainer makes certain sexual advances like touching, grabbing, etc, whilst at work. Approximately 15,000 cases of sexual abuse or pestering are brought to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) yearly. According to media and survey reports, 40-60% of women are sexually harassed each year. About 30-50% of them have faced some kind of sexual assault or redundant sexual behavior at work (European Women’s Lobby). A major cause of such behavioral acts is that women or men both give confused signals to their colleagues when they approach them. Harassment through text messages has also risen due to instant responding on the reception of a text message. Sexual harassment poses a cost to business as well. Work efficiency is badly affected. Conditions Despite the rising frequency of harassment, individuals are still reluctant to report such cases (Gottlieb, 1990). Victims are more likely to be younger than the harassers and the people working under their direction are the ones feared to be targeted. This was the result of a survey conducted by Tangri. This is indeed a matter of grievance. The term sexual harassment may be confused with â€Å"dual relationships†, but these two elements are different from each other, in that the latter requires the consent of both parties, whereas the former case with holds a forceful act from one side. It is a single-sided affair that is annoying and highly unwanted. Psychologists who face sexual harassment cases or who are acquaintances of directly involved victims may take such measures of inadequacy to the employing institution, for appropriate action to be carried out. They may also take the case to the Society so that legal action is taken for unnecessary acts. If any conduct is unwelcome, then it is considered sexual harassment. It is essential to let the harasser know about his unwanted attitude toward you. Comments about clothing, behavior or body, sexual jokes, or even threatening a person, are attributes to sexual harassment. Physical conditions such as hugging, stroking, patting are examples of bodily harassment. Sexual stalking also includes a condition in which a person is rejected a promotion, is demoted, is given poor performance remarks because he/she rejects sexual advances of the supervisor. The manner of the harasser must be intense enough because a single incident is insufficient to make such a judgment. It would violate criminal laws, if such an incident occurs. Rigorousness and Frequency of Sexual Harassment The purpose of pairing rigorousness and frequency of an incident is to ensure offensive comments are not made in the work environment. The employee is to be protected from liabilities of objectionable remarks. A single incident may comprise sexual harassment if it is extended, unpleasant and very serious in nature, as mentioned earlier. A combination of event with varying amounts of harshness is also termed harassment. The EEOC states, â€Å"the more severe the harassment, the less the need to show a repetitive series of incidents.† (EEOC). Consequences Following are the collective aspects of sexual harassment: The abusive experiences of sexual harassment have a terrible impact on deeply-held values and beliefs. Sexual harassment leaves a long-term effect. They distress physiological and psychological health. The impact of harassment on interpersonal relationships (Diane K.Shrier, n.d). Work performance is influenced for the worse. Both genders face equal amount of harassment. There are laws designed against sexual harassment in the workplace, for protection from the boss, co-workers, or customer at work. The federal law ensures employers remain responsible for preventing sexual harassment that occurs at the workplace. The California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) forbid any sexual harassment on the job. Most state laws make sexual harassment illegal. Taking revenge against someone is also against the law. Even investigating a sexual harassment case can cause trouble. Employers of companies usually have certain internal grievance procedures, which employees are to follow in case of any such encounters. The employer of the company should know of any misconduct that has occurred. Embarrassment may be felt on telling someone about the harassment, but it is essential to do so because that way the employer will be held responsible for stopping such behavior in the organization. The consequences of harassment at work may include inefficiency of the affected person too. The worker may not be hundred percent in full swing, because of the uncomfortable environment created by such acts. Productivity may be affected negatively. Dedication and devotion to work may diminish. The employee may not even feel like going back to work due to circumstances he/she has to face there. Working will just be a compulsion so that he/she can remain the bread winner of the family. There will be no satisfaction, only necessity. Job satisfaction will not persist any longer and may even disappear eternally. Most sexual harassment cases go unreported due to the following reasons: Women fear their reputation being manipulated and distorted at work. There is fear of being known as a trouble maker or a menace. There is general apprehension about discrimination in the work place. Employees may be afraid of termination, or retaliation of the harasser, so they avoid confrontation with the high authorities about such cases. Solutions Every situation differs. You will have to look for different solutions in different cases. Firstly, it is important to report the sexual harassment to your employer. You can then file a charge with the state or even go to court. How women put up with sexual harassment: Since not all severity of harassment is equal, the reactions to the harassment incidents also differ. The supportiveness of the environment varies the reaction to harassment. In a more supportive environment, the victims of sexual harassment are likely to go to others with their problem. Sexual harassment can have a variety of psychologically damaging effects on victims, such as reduced self-esteem and hopelessness (Kauppinen – Toropainen and Gruber, 1996), victims coping mechanism may be reduced just at the time they need them the most. Most studies of victim’s responses are insensitive to the dynamism of harassment. It consists of how long the harassment has been happening, how a victim responds to the situation. Clearly say â€Å"No†: You have to clearly let the person know that you are offended by his/her behavior. Refuse all invitations by showing a firm attitude. Make a record of everything: Write down everything as soon as the sexual harassment starts taking place. Note down the dates, places and events. Try to involve witnesses as well. Do not keep this record at work, though. It is a good idea to keep it in a safe place like home. Report to the HR department: Tell the human resource department about your issue; they can stop the harassment. No matter who the harasser is, you must report. Make a proper trail: Make a written record of your incident; write down exactly what the problem is and how you want it to be fixed. A written record always holds value in such cases. Use the personnel policies: Read through the grievance procedures / manuals of your company. You may find a solution through them. File a lawsuit: You can consider filing a lawsuit. The law will let you get your job back, all the money damages, and the court can also assure of no further recurrence. References Legal Aspects – Information on Sexual Harassment http://www.de2.psu.edu/harassment/legal/ Accessed October 30, 2007 Know Your Rights: Sexual Harassment At Work http://www.equalrights.org/publications/kyr/shwork.asp Accessed October 31, 2007 A Briefing Paper on Sexual Harassment at Work and the Ethics of Dual Relationships http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/ethics-rules-charter-code-of-conduct/code-of-conduct/a-briefing-paper-on-sexual-harassment-at-work-and-the-ethics-of-dual-relationships.cfm Accessed October 31, 2007 Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in France and in the United States http://www.nla.org/library/spring97/pg22.html Accessed October 31, 2007 UCLA the University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university and a member of the Association of American Universities http://www.sexualharassment.ucla.edu/what_is.html Accessed October 31, 2007 Center for Women and Work http://www.cww.rutgers.edu/dataPages/rbshintheworkforce.pdf Accessed October 31, 2007 BMFSFJ, Beschà ¤ftigtenschutzgesetz in der Praxis, Berlin, 2005 http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2005/09/DE0509NU01.htmAccessed October 31, 2007 Caroline Goette, NLA Review Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in France and in the United States. http://www.nla.org/library/spring97/pg22.html Accessed October 31, 2007 Persistence of gender inequalities European Women’s Lobby http://www.womenlobby.org/site/1abstract.asp?DocID=1209v1ID=RevID=namePage=pageParent=DocID_sousmenu= Accessed October 31, 2007 Gruber, J. E., Smith, M. D., Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1996). An exploration of sexual harassment experiences and severity: Results from North America and Europe. In M. Stockdale B. Gutek (Eds.), Women and Work V Sexual harassment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Livingstone, J.A. (1982). Responses to sexual harassment on the job: Legal, organizational and individual actions. Journal of Social Issues, 38(4), 5-22. Fitzgerald, L.F. Hesson-McInnis M. (1989). The dimensions of sexual harassment. A structural analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 35, 309-326. Tangri, S.S. et al. (1982). Sexual harassment at work: three explanatory models. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 33-35. Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Academia: Psychiatric Issues – By Diane K. Shrier The American Psychiatric Publishing Inc, 1996

Budgeting and Performance Evaluation at the Berkshire Toy Company Essay

Executive Summary In 1974, Berkshire Toy Company (BTC) was founded by Franklin Berkshire, Janet McKinley’s farther. Janet was soon became the CEO of the company when her father retires on 1993. After two years, BTC was acquired by Quality Products Corporation, a manufacturer of different products, for a common stock of $23.2 million. The preliminary statement of divisional operating income for the year ended June 30, 1998 presented the actual values generated together with the master (static) budget and master budget variances for the period. The company obtained higher Total Revenue than their budget but it turned out to an Operating Loss near a million dollars. This paper aims to study the budgets from actual results, and to compute the budget variances and to analyze its causes. After that, the company performance will be evaluated to recommend alternative solutions for improvement. Introduction As a division of Quality Products Corporation, Berkshire Toy Company produces the Berkshire Bear, a fifteen-inch teddy bear which are fully jointed, washable, and dressed in various accessories. It is sold to customers like children and adult collectors with unconditional lifetime guarantee. The company is organized into three departments: purchasing (managed by David Hall), production (managed by Bill Willford) and marketing (managed by Rita Smith). An incentive compensation plan was implemented in 1997, intended to enhance the participation and teamwork of the managers. It provides bonuses for each  department heads in the following conditions: Purchasing: 20% of net materials price variance, assuming favourable Marketing: 10% of excess variance of net revenue, assuming favourable Production: 3% of net variance in material, labour, variable overhead, labour rate variance, and the variable and fixed overhead spending, assuming favourable variances. Statement of the Problem Obtaining a loss approaching a million dollars despite the increase in sales. Substantial unfavourable variances resulting from production department Effects of the incentive compensation plan to the performance of each departments Discussion Actual Master Budget Variance Units sold 325,556.00 280,000.00 45,556.00 Total revenue 14,446,487.00 13,006,000.00 1,440,487.00 (U) Total variable expenses 8,484,404 5,968,508 2515,896 (U) Contribution margin 5,962,083 7,037,492 1,075,409 (U) Total fixed costs 6,805,828 6,248,920 556,908 (U) Operating income -843,745 788,572 1632,317 (U) Table 1. Preliminary Statement of Divisional Operating Income for the Year Ended June 30, 1998 The following can be derived from the table: Revenue were 11% higher than the master budget Variable expenses were $2,515,896 higher than the master budget Fixed costs were $556,908 higher than the master budget Actual (1) Master (Static) Budget (2) Flexible Master Budget (3) Sales Mix variance (1-3) Sales quantity variance (3-2) Units sold 325,556.00 280,000 325,556.00 0 45,556.00 (F) Retail & catalog 8,573,285.00 11, 662,000.00 13, 559,407.40 4,986,122.40 (U) 1,897,407.40 (F) Internet 4,428,018.00 0 0 4,428,018.00 (F) 0 Wholesale 1,445,184.00 1,344,000.00 1,562,668.80 117,484.80 (U) 218,668.80 (F) Total revenue 14,446,487.00 13,006,000.00 15,122,076.20 675,589.20 (U) 2,116, 067.20 (F) Table 2. Sales Analysis Schedule Sales volume quantity variance indicates an increase in profit by $2,116,067.20 if the budgeted sales mix is maintained for the actual sales volume of 325,556. However, there is an unfavourable variance of $675,589.20 because the actual sales mix was not in accordance with the budgeted sales mix. If we would check the sales volume variance, sales volume quantity variance plus sales mix variance is equal to favourable $1,440,487.00, which is the variance in table 1. Production costs Actual Master Static Budget Flexible Budget Master Budget Variance Flexible variance Total Direct Materials 1,230,840.00 1,015,924.00 1,181,214.83 214,916.00 (U) 49,625.17 (U) Direct Labour 3,668,305.00 2,688,000.00 3,125,337.60 980,305.00 (U) 542,967.40 (U) Variable Production overhead 1,725,665.00 1,046,304.00 1,216,537.66 679,361.00 (U) 509,127.34 (U) Fixed Manufacturing overhead 658,897 661,920 769,614.38 3023 (F) -110,717.38 (F) Table 3. Schedule of Production Variances Direct Material variance The budgeted price is higher than the actual resulting to a favourable material price variance. This is due to the price discounts of 7 to 10 percent of the three main inputs of the product namely acrylic pile fabric, plastic joints, and polyester fiber filling which contributed to some savings. However, the actual quantity used in production is greater than the standard quantity allowed per unit that results to unfavourable material usage variance. This maybe because of substandard quality of materials used that more materials are needed to produce one unit of product. In addition, there was an incident of thunderstorm that ruined the uninsured materials wherein the company doesn’t able to recover large amount of fiber filling. Another factor that would affect the direct material usage variance is the lifetime guarantee that the company offers which include the bear hospital since repairs or replacements of teddy bear are free. Also, defects may be a factor for the material variances which are only traced after the production process. Direct Labour variance The actual number of hours used and the actual wage rate of BTC are higher than the standard rate allowed for the actual production. Since most part of the production of bear is labor-intensive, the company may have set a low standard for the number of hours required to produce a unit. Additional sewing steps and inspection of the fabric color may have contributed to the actual labor hours used. Moreover, shortages of length in the cutting stage may require additional cutting set-ups which increase production time. Considering the production of the company, they have operated near to maximum capacity that the people are tired and some of them quit and had to be replaced at higher-than-standard wage rates that may lead to higher cost when unskilled workers are employed. Variable Overhead Due to the effect of the increased in labor requirements, the company also incurred increased payroll taxes and fringes. Employees need to have overtime to meet the actual demanded product volume which is higher than the budgeted that consequently increase the overtime premiums paid by BTC. Since the company has been using the same machine since it was established, frequent breakdowns occurred that maintenance work have contributed to the increase in the variable expenses. This includes the maintenance labor and supplies needed. Fixed Overhead The increase in utilities expense was related to the overtime of employees in the production as the demand of teddy bear boost. Incentive Plan David Hall With the favourable net materials price variance of $295,144.00, David Hall the Purchasing Manager will have a bonus of $59,028.72. Rita Smith, Marketing Manager Since the Actual Net Revenue is a loss, the marketing manager will not have bonus even if she manage to increase the company sales. Bill Wilford, Production Manager Direct Labour Variable Overhead Fixed Overhead Direct Material Efficiency Variance $ 122,790 (U) Direct Labor Efficiency Variance 466,638.40 (U) Direct Labor rate Variance 76,329.00 (U) Variable Overhead spending variance 327,488.34 (U) Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance 181,639.00 (U) Fixed Overhead spending variance (3,023.00) (F) Total Variance 1,171,862 (U) Bonus Zero Advantages and Disadvantages of Incentive Compensation Plan Advantages Disadvantages The incentive plan will motivate department heads Marketing Department focuses on less profitable distribution mix. Increase the morale of employees as their efforts will be rewarded Production Department: uses low quality materials forced to work overtime Performance of the company will attract positive results Purchasing Department bought discounted materials which may sacrifice the quality of production. Conclusion Though the company may have increased their number of sales for the current period, they still have incurred losses due to the unfavourable variances that have resulted from their production.   Substantial increase in the number of bears sold is noted for the year’s performance. It can be assumed of a good performance of the marketing department. However, loss still occurred. The figures of sales may post a good performance conversely the current sales might give the lowest possible sales due to wrong sales mix. The marketing department has focused too much on the Internet Sales whereas it gives a lower contribution than the Retail Sales. Variances in the production of the product are due to the wrong focused of the department head because of the new incentive compensation program. Favourable direct material price variance occurred due to lower prices and discounts on the materials purchased. However, unfavourable material usage variance have occurred probably due to substandard materials were used to the production. Direct labour on the hand, have resulted to unfavourable variances on both efficiency and rate. Focused of the manager may be on the efficiency of labour due to the incentive program which gives the need to hire more skilled workers. This resulted to unfavourable labour rate variance. However, due to substandard materials were used the workers may have needed additional time to work on the teddy bears which still resulted to unfavourable variance. The incentive program may have good intentions but this lead the department heads on the wrong direction and have resulted to unfavourable variances. Other factors that may have affected the variances are the spoilage due to the thunderstorms that have occurred. Machine maintenance is another factor especially in the overhead variances where frequent breakdowns happened. Alternative solutions obtain First solution that we recommend is the revision of the incentive compensation plan. The objective of the plan is good and should be maintained however some computation for the said bonus should be changed. Computation of Bonus for the Marketing Manager could be retained as net revenue is a good measure not only in the performance of the marketing department but as well as the performance of the company. Computation for the Purchasing Manager should have also considered the Material Usage Variance as quality of the materials purchased in also a key factor in their production. Bonus for the production manager may have been a good computation as it may have covered different factors to assess the performance of the department. On the other hand, some overhead expenses should be observed by the company  as it continuously increase overtime. They may need to consider purchasing new machine as maintenance cost has been a big part of their cost. A new machine may also address the issue of frequent overtime of employees and the increasing maintenance supplies expenses.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1576 Words

The majority of psychological conditions that are observed in clinical cases are known to mainly affect adults. People in age extremities such as the too young or the too old do not often suffer from these diseases due to their dormant lifestyle. Adults are the main targets of psychological conditions because they have a very active lifestyle, are fully developed, and have many responsibilities that they are required to accomplish. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or OCD is one of the most common psychological diseases that affect most adults. This disorder is often characterized by thoughts that are intrusive, leading to constant worry, anxiety, and obsession. The affect adult will exhibit behaviors that are repetitive, so that he or she can†¦show more content†¦Another person will opt to wash their hands by thoroughly scrubbing them to a point of almost peeling the skin just to ensure that the hands are clean (Vakili and Gharraee, 2014). In fact, OCD is so serious that if a p erson happens to be driving and comes across a bump, they will go round the same road fifty times just to confirm to themselves that they did not run over a person. The main cause of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder has been linked to both psychological and biological factors in a person’s body that lead to the development of the disease (Tucci et al, 2014). Nonetheless, these factors will differ from one individual to the next depending on the degree of emphasis on either one of the two factors. The psychological cause of OCD is brought about by overly obsessive behaviors that make a person to become pre-occupied with a certain habit or activity (Gordon et al, 2013). For example, the constant washing of hands as a way of affirming hygiene, hoarding of personal belongings, even if they are no longer useful or even making the bed after every five minutes even if no one has laid on it. On the other hand, the biological cause of OCD is linked to abnormal functioning of certain neur otransmitters in the brain (Dittrich and Johansen, 2013). Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are involved in the transmission of a synapse or chemical message from one neuron to another target nerve cell (Gordon et al, 2013). In the case of OCD, theShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Overcoming Gender Differences Essay - 4096 Words

Overcoming Gender Differences Men and women come from different worlds. Lets face it, they simply can not communicate. Take the following story for example: Tom and Mary were going to a party. Tom was driving and after about twenty minutes and going around the same block many times, it was clear to Mary that Tom was lost. She suggested that he call for help. Tom became silent. They eventually arrived at the party, but the tension form the moment lasted the entire evening. Mary had no idea why Tom was so upset. Mary, on one hand thought that she was offering Tom help. Tom, on the other hand heard that he was incompetent and couldnt get them there, (Gray, 20). In most instances, men and women interpret each other†¦show more content†¦An example of this is in mediation; divorce mediation in particular. By looking at the work done by Ph. Ds such as John Gray and Deborah Tannen, and authors like Roger Fisher and William Ury, we can see how gender plays such as important role in Alternative Dispute Resolution. In this paper, I will first explain how men and women come from different worlds, the reasons behind the communication barriers that exist between them, how communication relates to divorce to finally define the importance of gender interchange that lies embedded in the practice of mediation. I. Men and Women: Two Different Worlds Most frequent complaints Men offer solutions and women seek to improve. Women complain the most that men do not listen. Either they completely ignore her, or offer a solution to fix it. He is confused that that she doesnt appreciate the gesture. She just wants empathy, and he thinks that she needs a solution. Men complain the most about women trying to change them. She keeps trying to help him, but he just wants her acceptance. A mans sense of self is defined through his ability to achieve results, (Gray, 16). To offer a man excessive advice is to assume that he doesnt know what to do himself. Men do not talk about their problems unless he needs advice form an expert. This is part of the reason why men persist on offering solutions to womens problems. He doesnt understand that support can be enough. On the other hand A womans senseShow MoreRelatedA Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper901 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships br ought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew fromRead MoreEyewitness Testimony, Helpful or Hinderance1801 Words   |  8 Pagesplaced on the evidence of the eyewitnesses alone? Countless factors are associated with the accuracy and consistency of eyewitness evidence, such as line up content, line up instructions, the questioning techniques of interviewers and notably the gender and/or age of the witness. Eyewitness testimony may not always be accurate, but despite its weaknesses, by using empirical studies to guide reforms, eyewitness testimony can be an extremely beneficial instrument in the criminal justice system. InaccurateRead MoreOvercoming Obstacles in a Diverse Workplace1241 Words   |  5 Pagesmanufacturing, and other labor forces. This type of struggle still continues today in the workplace from cultural differences, and language differences to racial and gender differences. This paper will examine the obstacles managers face when overcoming generational differences between generation X and Y as well as overcoming cultural and gender differences in the workplace. Differences in Generation X and Generation Y Although widely debated, the consensus is that the birth range for generationRead MoreEssay on Cultural and Racial Stereotyping1439 Words   |  6 Pages Most people find stereotypes to be obnoxious, especially when they have to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. â€Å"Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviors† (Floyd, 61). Because they underestimate the differences among individuals in a group, stereotyping can lead to inaccurate and offensive perceptions of other people. Although stereotypes are prevalent in almost everyRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Reproduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesrhetoricians claimed for solidarity and sisterhood despite the race and class differences existing among women. Consequently, female rhetoric theory focused on combining personal, sexual, and social struggles and viewing them as indivisibly linked. Female rheto ricians criticized the dual work performed by women at home and outside, demanded for equality in wages for equal work, and asked for the dismantling of the gender divisions of the labor market and educational systems. These issues were coveredRead MoreGender and Depression855 Words   |  4 PagesInclude issues such as whether the results can be generalized, or whether the conclusions apply outside the sample/population studied. 1. In â€Å"Gender Differences in Depression†, by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, the subject of depression is discussed in brief detail covering the general stressors placed on each sex and the differing response by each as well as some gender specific stressors. In short, she claims that females suffer more stressful experiences which, in turn, give women a higher susceptibilityRead MoreOvercoming Obstacles : A Close Look At Daniel Canogar s Video Instillation Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesOvercoming Obstacles as One: A Close Look At Daniel Canogar’s Video Instillation Asalto Toronto Daniel Canogar’s video instillation, Asalto Toronto, consists of a projection of pedestrians crawling up and down, approximately, four pillars outside of Union Station at 65 Front Street West. This piece symbolically demonstrates the overcoming of life’s obstacles, while engaging spectators as participants (Nuit Blanche Toronto, 2016). Furthermore, this installation is a form of ethnic dance that demonstratesRead MoreGender Roles And Gender : A Season Of Madness By Hanan Al Shaykh950 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles And Gender Stereotype Problems in society Gender problems are big problems in society. Although today s gender problems are better than before, it still cannot be resolved completely. There are many kinds of gender problems. For example, gender role, gender identity, gender stereotypes and gender-equal problems. The short story A Season of Madness, by Hanan Al-Shaykh, shows some problems of genders and society. In A Season of Madness, the author tells a story of a Lebanese woman-Read MoreOvercoming Marginalization1408 Words   |  6 PagesJingwei Zhang English for Academic Discourse: 2 George Schroefper Essay1-First Rough Draft The Key of Overcoming Marginalization THIS IS IMPORTANT: LOOK CAREFULLY AT WHAT YOU HAVE. ASK YOURSELF IF THERE IS ANY REPETITION? DO YOU FEEL THAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT THE SAME IDEA MORE THAN ONCE? HERE IS A SUGGESTION: YOU WRITE ABOUT SOCIAL POWER. IN BAMBARA, WHAT MIGHT SYLVIA DO WITH SOCIAL POWER? WHAT COULD SHE CHANGE IF SHE HAD IT—AND WHY? COULD SYLVIA MAYBE BECOME AS POWERFUL AS HAROLDRead MoreWomen s Impact On Women1023 Words   |  5 Pagesbreaking free off taboo, sexist stereotypes, and the feminine inferiority mindset, even though her speech was geared towards women, any gender, especially forms of students could learn from her speech. Women’s education failures to shape their own lives and sacrificing college time towards the transformation of their future, should be overcome by challenging and overcoming the subjective dominant man in Society by accepting responsibility and accountability by taking the 2 sided contract seriously, claiming